: Highlights the English prohibition against interrogatory torture. Tracy analyzes works like Havelok the Dane and Chaucer’s Prioress's Tale to show how Englishness was defined by rejecting "foreign" brutality.
: Discusses how these texts used violence to assert cultural autonomy and separate Nordic identity from continental legal norms.
Provide a list of the she uses as case studies
Detail the specific Tracy argues were later "mythologized" as medieval (like the Iron Maiden)
: Investigates the fabliaux and other humorous texts where pain and castration were used as public displays of power for comedic effect. Critical Takeaway
