: We perceive stable objects (like a table or a person) because the series of moments ( santāna ) occurs too fast for ordinary perception to detect the breaks, similar to how a movie film creates the illusion of smooth motion.
: Nothing is static; the universe perishes and is "re-created" every instant. The Buddhist doctrine of momentariness: A surve...
The doctrine serves as a vital tool for . By realizing that the "self" is not a permanent soul but a collection of momentary physical and mental aggregates ( skandhas ), practitioners can dismantle the attachments that lead to suffering ( dukkha ). Description Kṣaṇa : We perceive stable objects (like a table
The theory faced heavy critique from Hindu and Jaina philosophers: Momentariness, Buddhist doctrine of By realizing that the "self" is not a
: Instead of objects enduring over time, existence is seen as a rapid succession of discrete, momentary entities.
: Buddhist logicians argued that only momentary things are real because real existence requires the ability to produce an effect. A permanent, unchanging entity would be causally inert and therefore non-existent. Historical Development
: Asserted that only the present moment is real; past and future are mere mental constructs.