Signaling

The receptor triggers a relay of intracellular molecules, often called a signaling cascade (e.g., using G-proteins or kinases).

Cell signaling is the complex process by which cells perceive and respond to their environment. It is essential for homeostasis, growth, and immune responses. signaling

Long-distance signaling via the bloodstream (e.g., hormones). The receptor triggers a relay of intracellular molecules,

The signal finally triggers a specific cellular activity, such as gene expression or enzyme activation. Types of Signaling: Autocrine: A cell targets itself. often called a signaling cascade (e.g.

Nearby cells are targeted (e.g., neurotransmitters).