Icao Doc 8168 Vol 2 Site

: Specific rules for straight and turning departures, often requiring minimum climb gradients (typically 3.3%) to clear obstacles.

: Modern criteria for GPS and area navigation, including RNP (Required Navigation Performance) and Baro-VNAV. Icao Doc 8168 Vol 2

: Grouping aircraft by stall speed to determine specific obstacle clearance altitudes (OCA/H) for each type. Key Technical Components : Specific rules for straight and turning departures,

: Designing for traditional ground-based aids like VOR, NDB, and ILS. Core Purpose and Scope Volume II is divided

, formally titled "Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures," is the essential technical manual for procedure design specialists. While Volume I is designed for flight crews, Volume II provides the complex mathematical criteria and obstacle clearance requirements needed to build safe, regular instrument flight operations worldwide. Core Purpose and Scope

Volume II is divided into parts that address different navigation technologies and phases of flight:

: Providing design rules for the five segments of an instrument approach: arrival, initial, intermediate, final, and missed approach.