The shape of the lens can be altered in real-time by adjusting the volume of the liquid or the geometry of the containment frame, allowing for the creation of complex, non-spherical (aspheric) lenses in a fraction of the time required by traditional manufacturing.
Instead of using physical molds or tools, researchers leverage the natural physics of liquids, specifically: Fabrication of complex optical elements from liquids
Because the shape is formed by molecular forces rather than mechanical cutting, the resulting surfaces have a smoothness (roughness) of less than 1 nanometer, comparable to or better than the most expensive traditionally polished optics. The shape of the lens can be altered