Arum — Maculatum

: While poisonous to humans and livestock, birds like blackbirds and thrushes readily eat the berries to disperse seeds. Safety and Toxicity

: In Britain, the roasted and ground roots were historically used to produce "Portland Sago," a starch substitute, as heat can neutralize some toxins. arum maculatum

: Large, glossy, and arrow-shaped (3–11 inches long). They often feature distinctive dark purplish-black spots —the basis of its scientific name maculatum —though these spots are not always present. : While poisonous to humans and livestock, birds