2022---ethereum--transaction-fees--finally--plummeting---the-merge-has-nothing-to-do-with-it Here

It did not significantly expand the network's capacity to handle more transactions per second.

Networks like and Optimism gained massive adoption. It did not significantly expand the network's capacity

Since the Merge didn't change the block size or the speed of block production significantly, it had no direct impact on gas prices. The Real Reasons Fees Plummeted It did not significantly expand the network's capacity

The adoption of Flashbots helped move much of the "bidding" for transaction priority off-chain. It did not significantly expand the network's capacity

This prevented failed transactions and "bidding wars" from artificially inflating gas prices on the public mempool. Looking Ahead

These "rollups" process transactions off-chain and bundle them, significantly reducing the load on the Ethereum Mainnet.

Fees are determined by how many users are competing for limited block space.